Mishnah
Mishnah

Commentaire sur Bava Batra 6:3

הַמּוֹכֵר יַיִן לַחֲבֵרוֹ וְהֶחְמִיץ, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתוֹ. וְאִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁיֵּינוֹ מַחְמִיץ, הֲרֵי זֶה מִקַּח טָעוּת. וְאִם אָמַר לוֹ יַיִן מְבֻשָּׂם אֲנִי מוֹכֵר לְךָ, חַיָּב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ עַד הָעֲצֶרֶת. וְיָשָׁן, מִשֶּׁל אֶשְׁתָּקַד. וּמְיֻשָּׁן, מִשֶּׁל שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים:

Si quelqu'un a vendu du vin à son voisin et qu'il a tourné au vinaigre, il [le vendeur] n'est pas responsable des retours. [Car quand il l'a vendu, c'était du vin. Ceci, seulement s'il devenait du vinaigre dans les récipients de l'acheteur. Car, si dans les vases du vendeur, il (l'acheteur) peut lui dire: «Voici votre vin et voici vos vases». Et le vendeur ne peut pas lui dire: "Pourquoi l'avez-vous laissé si longtemps dans ses navires? C'est votre perte." Car l'acheteur peut lui dire: "Je vous avais dit au début que je comptais n'utiliser le vin que petit à petit."] Et si l'on sait que son vin devient aigre, [c'est-à-dire qu'il ne dure pas; et l'acheteur lui a dit qu'il n'en avait pas besoin pour le vin (c'est-à-dire pour boire immédiatement), mais pour le mikpeh, à utiliser petit à petit], c'est une «vente erronée». [Car il aurait dû lui dire que son vin ne "tient" pas.] Et s'il lui disait: "Je vous vends du vin épicé, [qui généralement" tient "jusqu'à Shevuoth, après quoi il se gâte, il doit lui fournir ( avec du vin qui tient) jusqu'à Shevuoth.] Et [s'il lui vendait du vin supposé être] "vieux", [il lui donne du vin] de l'année précédente. Et "très vieux", de trois ans (avant).

Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

אינו חייב – [the seller in his responsibility] for at the time of the sale, it was wine. And specifically, when it became fermented/sour in the utensils of the purchaser, for if it were in the utensils of the seller [when it became fermented], he (i.e., the purchaser) could say to him (i.e., the seller): “ this is your wine and this your vessel,” and the seller is not able to say to him: “why did you leave it (i.e., the wine) in these vessels so long? You are the one who has taken a loss,” for this one could have said to him: but from the beginning, I informed you that it was not my intention to be supported by this wine, other than a little bit [at a time].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra

If a man sold wine to his fellow and it turned sour he is not responsible. But if it was known [to the seller] that his wine would [soon] turn sour, this is a mistaken purchase.
If he had said to him, “I am selling you spiced wine”, he is responsible for its remaining [good] until Shavuoth.
[If he said] it is old wine, it must be from last year’s. [If he said] it is vintage old wine, it must be from the year before last.

Mishnah three discusses rules concerning the sale of wine.
This mishnah is concerned with the responsibility of a wine seller to ensure the quality and preservation of the wine which he sells. If he sold him wine and it turned sour, the seller is not in general responsible, since wine is known to turn sour. If, however, the seller knew that the wine would soon turn sour and he did not warn the buyer, the seller is responsible to return the buyer’s money.
If he sold him spiced wine, he is responsible that it not turn sour until Shavuoth. Spiced wine was known to last during the winter but turn to vinegar due to the heat of the summer. Therefore the wine need only last until Shavuoth, the holiday celebrated at the beginning of the summer.
Finally the mishnah clarifies two terms used in the selling of wine. “Old wine” must be from last year’s batch and “vintage old wine” must be from the year before last. If the seller promised one of these types of wine and he gave the buyer wine that was not as old, the buyer can demand his money back.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

ואם ידוע שיינו מחמיץ – that it is not preserved and the other one says to him that he didn’t need wine, but rather for a stiff mass of grist, oil and onions and to let it stand to take from it only bit by bit.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

הרי זה מקח טעות – he should have informed him that his wine does not endure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

מבוסם – it is its manner to endure until Shavuot. But from then onward, the heat spoils it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

וישן – if he sold him wine on the condition that it is old, he gives him from the year before – from the year that past that precedes this one.
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